CIEL submitted a written statement to the International Court of Justice for its advisory opinion process on the obligations of States in respect of climate change, which was requested by the United Nations General Assembly. In its submission, CIEL calls on the Court to clarify State duties to present and future generations with regard to climate change, including both obligations to prevent and redress harms from climate change that disproportionately impact those least responsible for the planetary emergency. The submission outlines State obligations and the legal consequences of their breach, examining the legal framework across four key areas:  1) Applicable Law; 2) Reparations for Climate Harm ; 3) Obligations to Phase Out Fossil Fuels; 4) Rights of Future Generations. (See press statement.)

CIEL, along with Greenpeace International, the Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS), the Open Society Justice Initiative (OSJI), and the New York University School of Law’s Climate Law Accelerator (CLX) submitted a joint amicus brief to the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. Supporting a request for an Advisory Opinion initiated by Colombia and Chile on the urgent climate emergency and its intersection with human rights, the brief highlights the role of the fossil fuel and agroindustry sectors in exacerbating climate change. It calls for strict regulation by States and responsible conduct by businesses, aiming to address the dire human rights impacts of the climate crisis and push for corporate accountability. (See press statement.)

The Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty Initiative’s recent submission to the Inter-American Court of Human Rights illuminates the critical link between fossil fuel production and the climate crisis. Highlighting the legal and human rights issues overlooked in fossil fuel activities, the brief argues for the necessity of phasing out fossil fuels to combat global warming and protect human rights. Urging developed nations to lead with support for developing countries, this pivotal move supports a just transition away from fossil fuels, aligning with Colombia and Chile’s call for an Advisory Opinion on climate and human rights. In addition to being a member of the Treaty Initiative, CIEL provided input and assistance in the preparation of this submission.

In a submission to the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, CIEL, La Ruta del Clima, the Inter-American Association for Environmental Defense (AIDA), and the International Network for Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights emphasized the urgent need for reparations for communities affected by the climate crisis. This amicus brief, submitted in response to the Advisory Opinion request from Colombia and Chile on climate and human rights, argues for the right to reparation in the wake of climate change, insisting that measures to address loss and damage must align with human rights obligations under international law. It urges the Court to affirm that climate actions, including the establishment of loss and damage funds, must meet human rights standards and not preclude further reparations demands. This submission marks a step toward ensuring justice and comprehensive reparations for victims of climate impacts. (Submitted in Spanish.)

A coalition of affected communities, along with environmental and human rights organizations (including the CIEL, Fundación para el Desarrollo de Políticas Sustentables, and others), submitted an amicus brief to the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. This submission, in response to the Advisory Opinion request from Colombia and Chile, focuses on the critical role of environmental and territorial defenders amidst the climate emergency and the energy transition. It argues that States, under the American Convention on Human Rights, have specific obligations to protect these defenders, including ensuring their safety, preventing attacks against them, and investigating crimes committed against them. The brief emphasizes the importance of ratifying and implementing the Escazú Agreement to bolster access rights and safeguard the work of environmental defenders, highlighting the unique vulnerabilities faced by women in these roles and advocating for gender-sensitive public policies to address the climate crisis’s impacts. (Submitted in Spanish.)

CIEL, along with Greenpeace International, submitted a memorial to the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) for its advisory opinion on the scope of State responsibility concerning climate change and ocean protection, which was requested by the Commission of Small Island States (COSIS). Highlighting the urgency of the climate crisis, its origins, and its far-reaching consequences, the brief argues that greenhouse gas emissions are a form of marine pollution under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). It urges ITLOS to interpret States’ duties to protect the marine environment in alignment with principles of international environmental and human rights law, based on the best available science, and with an emphasis on actions necessary to mitigate climate change and safeguard the oceans. The recommendations include halting new fossil fuel projects, transitioning to renewable energy, and prioritizing measures that provide immediate climate benefits rather than speculative technologies. (See perspective piece.)